目的 极小种群野生植物坡垒（Hopea hainanensis Merr. et Chun）为国家一级重点保护植物，是海南热带雨林的表征种，对其种群结构、数量动态变化特征和未来发展趋势开展研究，有助于为保护管理提供科学依据。 方法 利用静态生命表、存活曲线以及时间序列预测模型等种群统计方法，对分布于海南尖峰岭地区的坡垒种群结构和动态特征进行分析。 结果 （1）尖峰岭野生坡垒种群结构基本呈倒“J”型，其中，Ⅰ龄级的幼苗个体占比高达95.24%。（2）尖峰岭地区原始林和次生林中的坡垒种群均表现为增长型，但在由幼苗转变为幼树的过程中存在增补限制，导致其成体数量极少。（3）原始林中坡垒种群的自我更新能力低于次生林，但次生林中坡垒种群的恢复过程更易受外部干扰的影响。（4）在保持尖峰岭地区现有坡垒种群和生境不被破坏的前提下，原始林和次生林的坡垒种群数量在经历2～5个龄级的时间后均具备较好的恢复潜能。 结论 尖峰岭地区仍保存有一定数量的野生坡垒个体，在加强保护的前提下，亟待破解自然状态下坡垒幼树缺乏的难题。

Contiguous grid quadrates method was used to set up permanent plot to analyze the population structure and distribution pattern of Cinnamomum rigidissimum in Jianfengling, Hainan Island. The results show that the age structure of C. rigidissimum follow a pyramid form. And it is a steady increasing population with relatively more young trees. For the population distribution pattern, the number of individuals from seedling to big tree reduces step by step. And only few individuals can become big trees. At the stage of big tree, the competitiveness of C. rigidissimum enhances and mortality decreases. The number of survival individuals in the stage of super big tree are larger than those in the stage of big tree. The dynamics of population distribution pattern of C. rigidissimum changes from aggregation to random, when trees grow up gradually. For the young trees, the population distribution follows a clump pattern, which is mainly decided by the biological characteristics of themselves and the environment conditions. For the big trees, the population distribution follows a random pattern, which is mainly decided by interpopulation competition and environmental resources conditions.